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\nL\u2019arriv\u00e9e des Espagnols en Am\u00e9rique centrale<\/strong><\/a> au courant du XVIe\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle a boulevers\u00e9 les traditions locales autant que les \u00e9changes internationaux. Retour sur ces transformations majeures gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9clairage de Marion du Bron<\/strong>, docteure en histoire et civilisations.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d max_width=\u201d900px\u201d custom_padding=\u201d0px||0px||true|false\u201d locked=\u201doff\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d4_4\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d text_font=\u201d||||||||\u201d text_line_height=\u201d1.8em\u201d header_2_font=\u201d|300|||||||\u201d header_2_text_color=\u201d#334556\u2033 header_2_font_size=\u201d38px\u201d header_3_font=\u201d|600|||||||\u201d header_3_text_color=\u201d#307f90\u2033 header_3_font_size=\u201d26px\u201d header_3_line_height=\u201d1.4em\u201d text_orientation=\u201djustified\u201d custom_padding=\u201d21px||37px||false|false\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d]<\/p>\n
Dans quel contexte les Espagnols abord\u00e8rent les c\u00f4tes de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale\u00a0?<\/h3>\n
L\u2019espace m\u00e9so-am\u00e9ricain<\/strong> couvrait une bonne partie de l\u2019actuel Mexique<\/strong><\/a>, le Guatemala<\/strong><\/a>, le B\u00e9lize<\/strong> et le Honduras<\/strong>. On le reconna\u00eet imm\u00e9diatement avec ses cit\u00e9s antiques, couvertes de \u00ab\u00a0pyramides\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>. Une civilisation et des cultures mill\u00e9naires et originales y partageaient, au moins depuis le milieu du IIe\u00a0<\/sup>mill\u00e9naire av. J.-C, une m\u00eame fa\u00e7on de se repr\u00e9senter et de vivre<\/em> le monde, comme les mythes, le compte du temps, l\u2019urbanisme, l\u2019alimentation, les mat\u00e9riaux, les traditions artisanales\u2026<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u201d1_2,1_2\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_enable_color=\u201doff\u201d background_enable_image=\u201doff\u201d width=\u201d100%\u201d width_tablet=\u201d\u201d width_phone=\u201d\u201d width_last_edited=\u201don|phone\u201d max_width=\u201d1000px\u201d module_alignment=\u201dcenter\u201d custom_padding=\u201d0px||5px||false|false\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d1_2\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_enable_color=\u201doff\u201d background_enable_image=\u201doff\u201d background_size=\u201dcontain\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_divider show_divider=\u201doff\u201d _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_image=\u201dhttps:\/\/escales.ponant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/iStock-487966598-1.jpg\u201d module_alignment=\u201dcenter\u201d height=\u201d550px\u201d height_tablet=\u201d450px\u201d height_phone=\u201d280px\u201d height_last_edited=\u201don|phone\u201d border_width_right=\u201d5px\u201d border_color_right=\u201d#ffffff\u201d border_width_all_tablet=\u201d\u201d border_width_all_phone=\u201d\u201d border_width_all_last_edited=\u201don|desktop\u201d border_width_right_tablet=\u201d0px\u201d border_width_right_phone=\u201d\u201d border_width_right_last_edited=\u201don|phone\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u201d1_2\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_enable_color=\u201doff\u201d background_enable_image=\u201doff\u201d background_size=\u201dcontain\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_divider show_divider=\u201doff\u201d _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_image=\u201dhttps:\/\/escales.ponant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/iStock-477938095-1.jpg\u201d module_alignment=\u201dcenter\u201d height=\u201d550px\u201d height_tablet=\u201d450px\u201d height_phone=\u201d280px\u201d height_last_edited=\u201don|phone\u201d border_color_right=\u201d#ffffff\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u201d1\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d custom_padding=\u201d0px||22px||false|false\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d max_width=\u201d900px\u201d custom_padding=\u201d0px||0px||true|false\u201d locked=\u201doff\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d4_4\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d text_font=\u201d||||||||\u201d text_line_height=\u201d1.8em\u201d header_2_font=\u201d|300|||||||\u201d header_2_text_color=\u201d#334556\u2033 header_2_font_size=\u201d38px\u201d header_3_font=\u201d|600|||||||\u201d header_3_text_color=\u201d#307f90\u2033 header_3_font_size=\u201d26px\u201d header_3_line_height=\u201d1.4em\u201d text_orientation=\u201djustified\u201d custom_padding=\u201d0px||37px||false|false\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d]<\/p>\n
Quel \u00e9tait l\u2019objectif des explorateurs ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
La monarchie catholique n\u2019a de cesse d\u2019ouvrir une route commerciale<\/strong> vers les Indes, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire vers l\u2019Asie, en passant par l\u2019Ouest. Les explorateurs espagnols et portugais comme Vasco De Gama, Christophe Colomb<\/strong> ou Fernand de Magellan<\/strong> parach\u00e8vent la connaissance du continent et ouvrent les routes commerciales vers l\u2019Asie, les Philippines en ligne de mire. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019archipel d\u00e8s 1521, la monarchie catholique dispose enfin d\u2019une base commerciale en Asie, avec une liaison Manille-Acapulco. Sur les deux continents, on d\u00e9couvre ainsi de nouveaux produits<\/strong>. Les \u00e9pices, les soieries, la porcelaine chinoise, les bois pr\u00e9cieux arrivent d\u2019Asie. Ils sont \u00e9chang\u00e9s contre l\u2019argent des mines d\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d custom_padding=\u201d6px|||||\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d4_4\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_image src=\u201dhttps:\/\/escales.ponant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/iStock-1221905633-1.jpg\u201d alt=\u201dUne culture m\u00e9tiss\u00e9e en Am\u00e9rique centrale\u201d title_text=\u201damerique-centrale-culture\u201d align=\u201dcenter\u201d _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d max_width=\u201d900px\u201d custom_padding=\u201d7px||7px||true|false\u201d locked=\u201doff\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d4_4\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d text_font=\u201d||||||||\u201d text_line_height=\u201d1.8em\u201d header_2_font=\u201d|300|||||||\u201d header_2_text_color=\u201d#334556\u2033 header_2_font_size=\u201d38px\u201d header_3_font=\u201d|600|||||||\u201d header_3_text_color=\u201d#307f90\u2033 header_3_font_size=\u201d26px\u201d header_3_line_height=\u201d1.4em\u201d text_orientation=\u201djustified\u201d custom_padding=\u201d0px||51px||false|false\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d]<\/p>\n
Comment cette rencontre entre Occident et Nouveau Monde se traduit-elle dans le domaine artistique ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Les arts sacr\u00e9s et les arts d\u00e9coratifs de la Nouvelle-Espagne<\/strong> se situent dans la filiation hispanique, elle-m\u00eame nourrie d\u2019influences arabo-musulmanes acquises au Moyen-\u00c2ge, et d\u2019influences flamande et italienne pendant la Renaissance. Tout en assimilant les influences hispano-mauresques et hispano-flamandes, les artistes de la Nouvelle-Espagne innovent et produisent, \u00e0 partir des \u00ab\u00a0mod\u00e8les originaux\u00a0\u00bb, des interpr\u00e9tations versatiles, en les m\u00e9langeant avec les traditions locales, les influences orientales et dans une moindre mesure, africaines. Ainsi, la production artistique novohispana<\/em><\/strong> t\u00e9moigne de profonds m\u00e9tissages<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u201d1_2,1_2\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_enable_color=\u201doff\u201d background_enable_image=\u201doff\u201d width=\u201d100%\u201d width_tablet=\u201d\u201d width_phone=\u201d\u201d width_last_edited=\u201don|phone\u201d max_width=\u201d1000px\u201d module_alignment=\u201dcenter\u201d custom_padding=\u201d0px||5px||false|false\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d1_2\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_enable_color=\u201doff\u201d background_enable_image=\u201doff\u201d background_size=\u201dcontain\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_divider show_divider=\u201doff\u201d _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_image=\u201dhttps:\/\/escales.ponant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/iStock-1130659409-1.jpg\u201d module_alignment=\u201dcenter\u201d height=\u201d550px\u201d height_tablet=\u201d450px\u201d height_phone=\u201d280px\u201d height_last_edited=\u201don|phone\u201d border_width_right=\u201d5px\u201d border_color_right=\u201d#ffffff\u201d border_width_all_tablet=\u201d\u201d border_width_all_phone=\u201d\u201d border_width_all_last_edited=\u201don|desktop\u201d border_width_right_tablet=\u201d0px\u201d border_width_right_phone=\u201d\u201d border_width_right_last_edited=\u201don|phone\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u201d1_2\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_enable_color=\u201doff\u201d background_enable_image=\u201doff\u201d background_size=\u201dcontain\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_divider show_divider=\u201doff\u201d _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_image=\u201dhttps:\/\/escales.ponant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/iStock-1220477983-1.jpg\u201d module_alignment=\u201dcenter\u201d height=\u201d550px\u201d height_tablet=\u201d450px\u201d height_phone=\u201d280px\u201d height_last_edited=\u201don|phone\u201d border_color_right=\u201d#ffffff\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d max_width=\u201d900px\u201d custom_padding=\u201d7px||7px||true|false\u201d locked=\u201doff\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d4_4\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d text_font=\u201d||||||||\u201d text_line_height=\u201d1.8em\u201d header_2_font=\u201d|300|||||||\u201d header_2_text_color=\u201d#334556\u2033 header_2_font_size=\u201d38px\u201d header_3_font=\u201d|600|||||||\u201d header_3_text_color=\u201d#307f90\u2033 header_3_font_size=\u201d26px\u201d header_3_line_height=\u201d1.4em\u201d text_orientation=\u201djustified\u201d custom_padding=\u201d0px||9px||false|false\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d]<\/p>\n
Quelles sont les techniques repr\u00e9sentatives de ce mouvement baroque\u00a0?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
La technique de l\u2019estofado<\/em><\/strong> est tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue. Il s\u2019agit de sculptures de bois peintes<\/strong>, rehauss\u00e9es de couleur or ou argent, qui peuplent les retables. Elles sont tr\u00e8s expressives pour v\u00e9hiculer des \u00e9motions fortes, d\u2019apr\u00e8s les figures de San Jos\u00e9, du Christ, de la Vierge ou encore de Marie-Madeleine.
Mais il existe aussi une grande demande d\u2019images facilement transportables<\/strong>, destin\u00e9es aux autels domestiques et aux nombreuses c\u00e9l\u00e9brations qui rythment le calendrier jusque dans les localit\u00e9s les plus retir\u00e9es. Pour les rendre les plus l\u00e9g\u00e8res possible, on utilise des mat\u00e9riaux indiens <\/strong>comme de la p\u00e2te \u00e0 base de canne de ma\u00efs.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d custom_padding=\u201d6px|||||\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d4_4\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_image src=\u201dhttps:\/\/escales.ponant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/iStock-643754712-1.jpg\u201d alt=\u201dUne culture m\u00e9tiss\u00e9e en Am\u00e9rique centrale\u201d title_text=\u201damerique-centrale-culture\u201d align=\u201dcenter\u201d _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d max_width=\u201d900px\u201d custom_padding=\u201d7px||7px||true|false\u201d locked=\u201doff\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d4_4\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d text_font=\u201d||||||||\u201d text_line_height=\u201d1.8em\u201d header_2_font=\u201d|300|||||||\u201d header_2_text_color=\u201d#334556\u2033 header_2_font_size=\u201d38px\u201d header_3_font=\u201d|600|||||||\u201d header_3_text_color=\u201d#307f90\u2033 header_3_font_size=\u201d26px\u201d header_3_line_height=\u201d1.4em\u201d text_orientation=\u201djustified\u201d custom_padding=\u201d0px||9px||false|false\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d]<\/p>\n
L\u2019influence occidentale est-elle la seule que l\u2019on retrouve en M\u00e9so-Am\u00e9rique \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque\u00a0?<\/h3>\n
Avec l\u2019ouverture \u00e0 l\u2019Asie, de nouveaux objets apparaissent, comme le biombo<\/em>,<\/strong> paravent japonais qui conna\u00eet un grand succ\u00e8s chez les nobles de la vice-royaut\u00e9. Des motifs floraux et des nuages dor\u00e9s trahissent des influences chinoises ou japonaises<\/strong> et c\u00f4toient des th\u00e9matiques franchement cr\u00e9oles<\/strong> (locales). Plus qu\u2019avec tout autre support, les artistes de la Nouvelle-Espagne explorent diverses techniques\u00a0: l\u2019huile occidentale, les incrustations de nacre orientales ou maque<\/em> pr\u00e9colombien, la technique de peinture d\u00e9corative m\u00e9so-am\u00e9ricaine<\/strong>, \u00e0 base d\u2019huile de chia.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d custom_padding=\u201d6px|||||\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d4_4\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_image src=\u201dhttps:\/\/escales.ponant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/iStock-471728669-1.jpg\u201d alt=\u201dUne culture m\u00e9tiss\u00e9e en Am\u00e9rique centrale\u201d title_text=\u201damerique-centrale-culture\u201d align=\u201dcenter\u201d _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u201d2_5,3_5\u2033 admin_label=\u201dMEA \u2013 decalage\u201d _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d max_width=\u201d1000px\u201d custom_padding=\u201d28px||28px||true|false\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_column type=\u201d2_5\u2033 _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d background_enable_color=\u201doff\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u201d4.16\u2033 _module_preset=\u201ddefault\u201d header_2_font=\u201d|300|on||||||\u201d header_2_text_align=\u201dleft\u201d header_2_text_color=\u201d#ffffff\u201d header_2_line_height=\u201d1.4em\u201d background_color=\u201d#307f90\u2033 custom_margin=\u201d|-30%|||false|false\u201d custom_margin_tablet=\u201d|0%|||false|false\u201d custom_margin_phone=\u201d\u201d custom_margin_last_edited=\u201don|tablet\u201d custom_padding=\u201d30px|75%|30px|20px|true|false\u201d custom_padding_tablet=\u201d|20px|||true|false\u201d custom_padding_phone=\u201d\u201d custom_padding_last_edited=\u201don|tablet\u201d global_colors_info=\u201d{}\u201d]<\/p>\n
En savoir plus<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n
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Forts de leurs exp\u00e9riences avec les paravents, les artistes de la Nouvelle-Espagne<\/strong> \u00e9tendent les possibilit\u00e9s des incrustations de nacre, notamment avec la technique connue comme enconchado<\/em><\/strong>, qui fait la synth\u00e8se entre la gravure, l\u2019huile et les incrustations de nacre orientales.<\/p>\n
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Cr\u00e9dits photos : \u00a9 Istock<\/p>\n
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Explorez l\u2019Am\u00e9rique Centrale<\/p>\n
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Embarquez avec PONANT \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte de cette destination d\u2019exception.<\/p>\n
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The blended cultural heritage of Central America<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":483965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"thematique":[1409,1431,1444],"class_list":["post-483518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-encounter","thematique-central-america","thematique-history-and-heritage","thematique-peoples"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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